The Earth's Magnetic Field

Abstract

The Earth's magnetic field is essential for life on Earth, as we know it, to exist. It forms a magnetic shield around the planet, protecting it from high energy particles and radiation from the Sun, which can cause damage to life, power systems, orbiting satellites, astronauts and spacecrafts. This report contains a general overview of the Earth's magnetic field. The different sources that contribute to the total magnetic field are presented and the diverse variations in the field are described. Finally, measurements of the Earth's magnetic field are introduced and the applied instruments and procedures described, with an emphasis on Leirvogur magnetic observatory.