Religious Warfare: How Shinto and Buddhism influenced Japanese nationalism and militarism

Abstract

In this essay, the religious aspect of the growing nationalism in Japanese society during the early years of the 20th century, is thoroughly examined. The effects it had on Japanese warfare before and during the Second World War will also be examined as well. While Shinto became the state religion of Japan and the flagship for the deity worship of the Emperor, Buddhist scholars and priests became the spokesmen for the new Imperialistic views, especially within Nichiren and Zen Buddhism. The history of Shinto and Buddhism is briefly examined as well. When did Shinto become a religion? When was Buddhism introduced to Japan and by whom? How did the religions coexist together throughout the years? What are their similarities and differences? These questions will be examined as well as other facts about Shinto and Buddhism. A detailed explanation will also be made about the changes that were made during the Meiji revolution and how Shinto became the state religion up until the end of the Second World War. The concept of the emperor being not only the head of state but also a deity to be worshipped is also thoroughly explained, with details of how he became a living god after his ceremony. The radial national movement created by many of the Buddhist scholars and priest during the Imperial years will be explained in details. When did the scholars start to interpret their Buddhism teachings in ways that benefited emperor worship and nationalism, similar to Nichirenism? How did the movement influence radical groups that were responsible for assassination on politician and well known businessmen? Who were influencing people within the Imperial army and in what way? Finally, there will be a section that explains how the kamikaze pilots were praised and glorified within both religions. Zen mentality during the war will also be explained.