"Ísland er svo lítið land, það eru allir orðnir hundleiðir á Erró og Kjarval" : viðhorf íslenskra háskólanema til listasafna

Abstract

Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna áhuga og reynslu háskólanema af listasöfnum, hversu virkan þátt þeir taki í lista- og menningarlífi, einkum í tilfelli listasafna. Rannsakað var hvaða þættir valda því eða hamla að háskólanemar fara á listasöfn. Skoðað var hvort þættir eins og menntun, uppeldi, félagslegur bakgrunnur og fyrirmyndir hefðu áhrif á menningarþátttöku og listáhuga háskólanema og hvort vægi meira í því samhengi; listmenntun eða háskólamenntun. Framkvæmd var blönduð rannsókn með því að tekin voru eigindleg viðtöl við 10 háskólanema og sérfræðingaviðtöl við sex starfsmenn listasafna til að fá sitt hvort sjónarhornið á viðhorfi þessara hópa gagnvart listasöfnum og háskólanemum sem markhóp. Þegar gagnagreiningu viðtala var lokið, var í framhaldi útbúin spurningakönnun út frá þeim upplýsingum sem komu fram í viðtölunum og lögð fyrir háskólanemendur fimm háskóla víðs vegar um landið. Spurningakönnunin náði líka yfir fyrrverandi háskólanemendur sem og listnema. Helstu niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar eru þær að viðhorf háskólanema gagnvart listasöfnum og myndlist er mun jákvæðara en rannsakandi hafði búist við, einnig var menningarþátttaka háskólanema meiri en gert hafði verið ráð fyrir. Fram kom að karlkyns háskólanemar taka virkari þátt í lista- og menningarlífi heldur en kvenkyns háskólanemar. Fylgni er milli listmenntunar háskólanema, listmenntunar foreldra, menningarþátttöku í æsku, tónlistariðkunar, bóklestrar í æsku og menningarþátttöku og listáhuga háskólanema síðar meir. Þá virðist habitus háskólanema taka breytingum í gegnum menntun, einkum listmenntun, uppeldi og félagsleg áhrif. „Sýningin“, „fræðsla og „dægrastytting“ eru helstu ástæður þess að háskólanemar fara á listasöfn en „tímaskortur“ og „önnur afþreying “ valda því að þeir fara ekki oftar.Lykilorð: Háskólanemar, listasöfn, listmenntun, menningarneysla, menningarþátttaka.

The aim of this research is to assess the experiences university students have of art museums and their interest therein, along with how active a part they take in arts and culture, especially where art museums are concerned. The factors involved in keeping university students from going to art museums were inspected, including whether such factors as education, upbringing, social background, and role models of university students have an impact on their cultural participation and interest in the arts, and which factor was the more decisive in this context: art education or university education. A combined research was carried out by conducting qualitative interviews with 10 university students and expert interviews with six art museum employees in order to receive different viewpoints on the attitude of these groups towards art museums and university students as a target group. When the data analysis of the interviews was finished, a questionnaire was prepared from the information gained from the interviews, which was put before university students in five universities around the country. The questionnaire also included former university students, as well as art students. The main results from the research is that attitudes of university students towards art museums and visual arts is far more positive than the researcher had anticipated and the cultural participation of university students was more than had been expected. It was revealed that male university students take a more active part in arts- and culture than female university students. There is a correlation between the art education of university students, art education of parents, cultural participation in childhood, musical practise, book reading in childhood and the cultural participation and interest in the arts of university students later in life. The habitus of university students also seems to change through education, especially art education, upbringing and social impact. “Exhibition”, education” and “recreation” are the main reasons that university students claim for going to art museums but “lack of time” and “other entertainment” are the reasons why they don't go more often.Keywords: University students, art museums, art education, culture consumption, cultural participation