Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/1946/46273
The aim of this study was to examine how microlite crystallization influences melt compositions and derived magma temperatures in the 2021 and 2022 Fagradalsfjall eruptions. The 2021 and 2022 Fagradalsfjall products contained basaltic glass, plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and traces of Cr-spinel. The plagioclase was generally euhedral and
elongated, the microlites had a length of up to 100 μm, microphenocrysts were up to 500 μm, and macrocrysts were larger than 500 μm, in length. The olivine and clinopyroxene were generally euhedral and isometric, the microlites were up to 70 μm, microphenocrysts up to 500 μm, and macrocrysts were larger than 500 μm in diameter. In 2021, the tephra
groundmass (excluding microphenocrysts and macrocrysts) was 90% glass and 10% microlites, where the microlite cargo was dominated by plagioclase. The groundmass in the naturally cooled lava was 64% glass and 36% minerals. In 2022, the tephra groundmass was 84% glass and 16% minerals, whereas the lava groundmass was 78.2% glass and 21.8%
minerals. The 2021 tephra is more primitive than the 2021 lava, with the tephra glass containing an average of 8.37% MgO while the lava glass had an average of 6.79% MgO content. The 2022 tephra glass contains an average of 7.56% MgO, while the lava glass had an average of 7.18% MgO. Microlite compositions within the lava samples were added back to the lava glass compositions, yielding a recalculated melt composition which represents the melt before microlite crystallization. The recalculated melt for 2021 contained 9.17% MgO and for 2022 it contained 7.66% MgO. There was a significant difference between calculated temperatures for the 2021 melt compositions. The lava glass returned a temperature of 1160°C, the tephra glass 1202°C and the recalculated melt 1243°C, ± 26°C. The temperature values therefore increased significantly as the melt became more primitive. This is due to the large amount of microlites that crystallized between tephra (10% microlites) and lava (36% microlites) samples, due to prolonged residence of the lava flow
on the surface before sampling. There was no significant difference between calculated temperatures for the 2022 melt compositions. The lava glass yielded a temperature value of 1157°C, the tephra glass 1172°C and the recalculated melt 1170°C, ± 26°C. This is likelybecause little to no microlite crystallization occurred between tephraand lava as the lava
was sampled within a day of it emerging from the vent.
Í þessu verkefni voru áhrif kristöllunar örkristalla á efnasamsetningu bráðar og reiknaðs hitastigs kviku í eldgosunum í Fagradalsfjalli árin 2021 og 2022 skoðuð. Í báðum gosum innihéldu gosefnin basaltgler, plagíóklas, ólivín, klínópýroxen og Cr-spínil. Plagíóklas var yfirleitt ílangt, lengd örkristalla var allt að 100 μm, smádílar allt að 500 μm og stórdílar stærri en 500 μm. Ólivín og klínópýroxen voru yfirleitt jafnhliða/vellaga, örkristallarnir voru allt að 70 μm, smádílarnir allt að 500 μm og stórdílarnir stærri en 500 μm í þvermál. Í gosinu 2021 var grunnmassi gjóskunnar (fyrir utan smádíla og stórdíla) 90% gler og 10%
örkristallar, þar af meirihlutinn plagíóklas. Grunnmassinn í hrauninu var 64% gler og 36% örkristallar. Í gosinu 2022 var grunnmassi gjóskunnar 84% gler og 16% örkristallar, á meðan grunnmassi hraunsins var 78.2% gler og 21.8% örkristallar. Gjóskan frá 2021 var frumstæðari en hraunið frá sama ári, þar sem gler gjóskunnar innihélt að meðaltali 8.37% MgO á meðan gler hraunsins innihélt 6.79% MgO. Gjóskan frá 2022 innihélt 7.56% MgO á meðan hraunið frá sama ári innihélt 7.18% MgO. Efnasamsetningu örkristalla í hraununum var bætt við efnasamsetningu glersins í hrauninu til að fá samsetningu kvikunnar fyrir
kristöllun örkristalla. Endurreiknaða kvikan frá 2021 innihélt 9.17% MgO en 7.66% MgO í gosinu 2022. Það var talsverður munur á reiknuðu hitastigi kvikunnar í 2021 gosinu. Efnasamsetning hraunsins gaf hitastigið 1160°C, samsetning gjóskunnar gaf 1202°C og samsetning endurreiknuðu kvikunnar gaf 1243°C ± 26°C. Reiknað hitastig hækkaði því
talsvert eftir því sem kvikan varð frumstæðari, sem má rekja til mikillar kristöllunar örkristalla í hrauninu frá storknun gjóskunnar (10% örkristallar) og þar til hraunið (36% örkristallar) storknaði vegna lengri dvalar þess á yfirborði fyrir sýnatöku. Það var lítill munur
á reiknuðu hitastigi kvikunnar í 2022 gosinu. Efnasamsetning hraunsins gaf hitastigið 1157°C, samsetning gjóskunnar gaf 1172°C og samsetning endurreiknuðu kvikunnar gaf 1170°C ± 26°C. Þetta má rekja til lítillar kristöllunar örkristalla milli storknunar gjósku og hrauns, þar sem að hraunsýnin voru tekin aðeins degi eftir að hraunið kom til yfirborðs.
| Filename | Size | Visibility | Description | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandra Hafsteinsdóttir The effect of microlite crystallization on melt compositions and derived magma temperatures in the 2021 and 2022 Fagradalsfjall eruptions.pdf | 4,79 MB | Open | Complete Text | View/Open | |
| AKH Yfirlýsing.pdf | 299,66 kB | Locked | Declaration of Access |