Applicability of basic virtual reality vs. pictures as prompts for conversation in dementia care

Abstract

Communication challenges are prevalent in individuals with dementia and can lead to reduced social engagement and overall well-being. This study explored the feasibility of basic virtual reality (VR) to facilitate conversations among older adults with dementia. Two participants were exposed to three conditions: conversation without prompts, VR+Conversation, Pictures+Conversation, and an additional Choice condition. Using voice recordings and Praat, communication was evaluated through word count, conversation initiations, and pitch analysis metrics. Instances of observable happiness indices, such as smiling and laughter, were documented throughout all sessions. The study found the approach feasible overall, as both participants tolerated all conditions and reported enjoying the study. The results further indicated that both participants exhibited the highest happiness indices in the Choice condition and the lowest in the VR condition. Verbal engagement was stronger in the picture-based and unprompted conditions. One participant displayed a gradual decline in pitch over time, though the overall differences were minimal. Despite the lower affective expression during VR sessions, participants tolerated the format and reported enjoying the study as a whole. These findings suggest that, although VR holds potential for enhancing engagement, its effectiveness might depend on personal preferences and social contexts. Key words: Dementia, Virtual Reality, Communication, Prompts, Engagement, Voice Analysis