<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-25T08:01:49Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:skemman.is:1946/48676" metadataPrefix="dim">https://skemman.is/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:skemman.is:1946/48676</identifier><datestamp>2024-10-17T11:09:18Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1946_6867</setSpec><setSpec>com_1946_6001</setSpec><setSpec>col_1946_34321</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" lang="is">Háskólinn í Reykjavík</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Úlfar Andri Snæfeld 2001-</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="advisor">Patrick Weiss 1991-</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en">This thesis explores the application of reinforcement learning (RL) strategies to market making in illiquid markets. Traditional market making approaches often rely on static, rule-based strategies, which can struggle in illiquid environments. The study implements three RL algorithms: Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). They are evaluated in a simulated stock market environment on their performance in liquid and illiquid market conditions. Findings show that DQN outperforms the other in both conditions. The research highlights the challenges RL models face in illiquid markets, characterized by higher volatility, wider bid-ask spreads, fewer trades, and higher risks of adverse selection. The results contribute to the growing field of RL in financial markets by showing how these algorithms can be adapted to improve market making in challenging environments. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding market conditions when deploying algorithmic trading strategies.</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-10-17T11:09:18Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2024-10-17T11:09:18Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2024-10-17T11:09:18Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="submitted">2024-10-04T13:10:35Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="published">2024-09</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/1946/48676</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso">en</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Fjármál fyrirtækja</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Meistaraprófsritgerðir</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Námsaðferðir</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Fjármálamarkaðir</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Lausafé</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Corporate finance</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Reinforcement learning</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Financial markets</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Liquidity (Economics)</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en">Market making in dry waters : reinforcement learning strategies for market making in illiquid markets</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type">Thesis</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" qualifier="degree">Master's</dim:field>
</dim:dim></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>