<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-24T12:19:47Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:skemman.is:1946/50792" metadataPrefix="dim">https://skemman.is/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:skemman.is:1946/50792</identifier><datestamp>2025-06-18T11:12:55Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1946_6870</setSpec><setSpec>com_1946_6001</setSpec><setSpec>col_1946_34328</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" lang="is">Háskólinn í Reykjavík</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Eiríkur Ingi Jónsson 1992-</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="advisor">Guðmundur Kristjánsson 1978-</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en">As a signatory to the Paris agreement, Iceland has commited to achieving carbon neutrality by&#xd;
2040. Electrical energy in Iceland comes, almost exclusively, from renewable sources, which&#xd;
causes the electrification of transport to play a primary role in their energy transition plans.&#xd;
This is likely to cause a variety of challenges to the electrical infrastructure. The objective of&#xd;
this thesis is to analyse the impact that increases in electric vehicle (EV) charging will have&#xd;
on the low voltage network of distribution station 68 in Akureyri. This distribution station&#xd;
is owned and operated by Norðurorka, the distribution system operator (DSO) in Akureyri.&#xd;
The majority of the network of this particular distribution station was built around 50 years&#xd;
ago, and thus, EV charging was not anticipated. Another objective of this thesis was to assess&#xd;
the mitigating effects of a demand response program and whether these effects were strong&#xd;
enough to prevent or significantly delay any problems caused by EV charging. Data from&#xd;
Hlöðum Betur, a study into EV charging behaviour and the peak shifting effect of demand&#xd;
response programs, was used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of&#xd;
problems as EV ownership increases. The most common problems as EV charging increases&#xd;
was found to be overloaded cables. This is likely to cause a reduction in the lifetime of cables&#xd;
and increase costs for DSOs.</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="is">Með undirskrift á Parísarsáttmálanum hefur Ísland skuldbundið sig til að ná kolefnishlutleysi&#xd;
fyrir árið 2040. Þar sem raforka á Íslandi er nánast algjörlega endurnýjanleg, mun rafvæðing&#xd;
bílaflotans spila stórt hlutverk í orkuskiptaáætlunum landsins. Þetta mun líklega koma til&#xd;
með að skapa margar áskoranir fyrir raforkukerfið á Íslandi. Markmið þessa verkefnis er að&#xd;
meta áhrif rafbílavæðingar, og aukningar í rafbílahleðslu sem fylgir, á lágspennudreifikerfi&#xd;
dreifistöðvar 68 á Akureyri. Dreifistöðin er í eigu Norðurorku, sem rekur rafveituna á Akureyri. Stærsti hluti lágspennukerfis þessarar dreifistöðvar var lagt fyrir u.þ.b. 50 árum síðan,&#xd;
löngu fyrir tíma rafbíla. Þar af leiðandi var ekki reiknað með rafbílahleðslu í upprunalegri&#xd;
hönnun. Annað markmið þessa verkefnis var að meta áhrif álagsstýringar á rafbílahleðslu&#xd;
og hvort að þau áhrif séu nægilega sterk til að koma í veg fyrir eða seikna vandræðum sem&#xd;
koma til vegna rafbílahleðslu. Gögn frá Hlöðum Betur, rannsóknar á hleðsluhegðun rafbílaeigenda og áhrif álagsstýringar, voru notuð í Monte Carlo greiningu til að áætla líkurnar á&#xd;
vandamálum eftir því sem rafbílaeign eykst. Algengustu vandamálin voru yfirlestun strenga,&#xd;
sem gæti stytt líftíma strengja og aukið kostnað rafveitunnar.</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2025-06-18T11:12:54Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2025-06-18T11:12:54Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2025-06-18T11:12:55Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="submitted">2025-06-06T10:09:07Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="published">2025-06</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50792</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso">en</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Meistaraprófsritgerðir</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Verkfræði</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Rafbílar</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="is">Kolefnishlutleysi</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Engineering</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Electric cars</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Carbon neutrality</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en">Investigation into the mitigating effects of demand response programs on EV charging loads</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type">Thesis</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" qualifier="degree">Master's</dim:field>
</dim:dim></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>